Commands Reference, Volume 1

aixterm Command

Purpose

Initializes an Enhanced X-Windows terminal emulator.

Syntax

aixterm [ -ah ] [ -ar ] [ -autopush ] [ -b NumberPixels ] [ -bd Color ] [ -bg Color ] [ -bw NumberPixels ] [ -cc CharRange:Value [ ,... ] ] [ -cr Color ] [ -csd CharShape ] [ -cu ] [ -C ] [ -display Name:Number ] [ -dw ] [ -f0 Font ] [ -f1 Font ] [ -f2 Font ] [ -f3 Font ] [ -f4 Font ] [ -f5 Font ] [ -f6 Font ] [ -f7 Font ] [ --f0 FontSet ] [ --f1 FontSet ] [ --f2 FontSet ] [ --f3 FontSet ] [ --f4 FontSet ] [ --f5 FontSet ] [ --f6 FontSet ] [ --f7 FontSet ] [ -fb Font ] [ -fg Color ] [ -fi FontSet ] [ -fn Font ] [ -fs Font ] [ -fullcursor ] [ -geometry Geometry ] [ #geometry Geometry ] [ -help ] [ -i ] [ -ib File ] [ -im InputMethod ] [ -j ] [ -keywords ] [ -lang Language ] [ -l ] [ -leftscroll ] [ -lf File ] [ -ls ] [ -mb ] [ -mc Number ] [ -ms Color ] [ -mn ] [ -n IconName ] [ -name Application ] [ -nb Number ] [ -nobidi ] [ -nonulls ] [ -nss NumShape ] [ -orient Orientation ] [ -outline Color ] [ -po Number ] [ -ps ] [ -pt Preedit ] [ -reduced ] [ -rfb Font ] [ -rfi Font ] [ -rfn Font ] [ -rfs Font ] [ -rf0 Font ] [ -rf1 Font ] [ -rf2 Font ] [ -rf3 Font ] [ -rf4 Font ] [ -rf5 Font ] [ -rf6Font ] [ -rf7 Font ] [ --rf0 FontSet ] [ --rf1 FontSet ] [ --rf2 FontSet ] [ --rf3 FontSet ] [ --rf4 FontSet ] [ --rf5 FontSet ] [ --rf6 FontSet ] [ --rf7 FontSet ] [ -rv ] [ -rw ] [ -s ] [ -sb ] [ -sf ] [ -si ] [ -sk ] [ -sl NumberLines ] [ -sn ] [ -st ] [ -suppress ] [ -symmetric ] [ -T Title ] [ -text TextType ] [ -ti ] [ -tm String ] [ -tn TerminalName ] [ -ut ] [ -v ] [ -vb ] [ -W ] [ -xrm String ] [ -132 ] [ -e Command ]

The aixterm command provides a standard terminal type for programs that do not interact directly with Enhanced X-Windows. This command provides an emulation for a VT102 terminal or a high function terminal (HFT). The VT102 mode is activated by the -v flag.

The aixterm command supports the display for up to 16 colors at a time.

The aixterm terminal supports escape sequences that perform terminal functions such as cursor control, moving and deleting lines, and aixterm private functions.

Many of the special aixterm terminal features (like the scroll bar) can be modified under program control through a set of private aixterm command escape sequences. You can also use escape sequences to change the title in the title bar.

There are three different areas in the aixterm window:

Scroll bar
Status line
Terminal window.

By default, only the terminal window is initially displayed.

The terminal window is the area provided for terminal emulation. When you create a window, a pseudo terminal is allocated and a command (usually a shell) is started.

The aixterm command automatically highlights the window border and the text cursor when the mouse cursor enters the window (selected) and unhighlights them when the mouse cursor leaves the window (unselected). If the window is the focus window, the window is highlighted regardless of the location of the mouse cursor. Any window manager, as in the case of the AIXwindows Window Manager (MWM), can cover the aixterm border, and the highlight and border color do not show.

The WINDOWID environment variable is set to the resource ID number of the aixterm window.

When running in an aixterm window, the TERM environment variable should be TERM=aixterm.

The TERM environment variable on your home machine determines what the TERM environment variable should be on the remote machine (unless it is overridden by your .profile).

When you use the rlogin, tn, or rsh commands to login to a different machine, the TERM environment variable should be set to aixterm. If this operation does not occur, you can perform the following two command line operations:

TERM=aixterm
export TERM

If commands (for example, the vi command) do not recognize the term type aixterm when you login to another system, perform the following one-time operation on the remote system:

su
cd/tmp
mkdir Xxxxx
cd Xxxxx
ftp LocalSystemName
cd /usr/share/lib/terminfo
get ibm.ti
quit
TERMINFO=/tmp/Xxxxx
export TERMINFO
tic ibm.ti
ls
ls a
mkdir /usr/share/lib/terminfo/a
cp a/aixterm* /usr/share/lib/terminfo/a
cd /tmp
rm -r /tmp/Xxxxx
exit
On the remote machine, enter the following:
1. TERM=aixterm
2. export TERM

Arabic/Hebrew Support

The aixterm command supports bidirectional languages such as Arabic and Hebrew. This command can open a window to be used with Arabic/Hebrew applications. You can create an Arabic/Hebrew window by specifying an Arabic or Hebrew locale (ar_AA, Ar_AA, iw_IL, or Iw_IL) with the -lang flag or by predefining an Arabic or Hebrew locale from SMIT for the system. You can also use the Web-based System Manager wsm system fast path and selecting the Cultural Environment icon.

The Arabic/Hebrew window supports bidirectional text display. Thus, English and Arabic or Hebrew text can be displayed on the same line. There are different aspects in the Arabic/Hebrew window:

Screen Orientation
Text mode
Character shaping
Numeric representation
Status line

Screen Orientation

The screen orientation in an Arabic/Hebrew window can be either left-to-right or right-to-left. The default orientation is left-to-right unless otherwise specified with a flag or in the .Xdefaults file. While the window is active, you can reverse the screen orientation using special key combinations. You can reverse the screen orientation according to your needs.

Text Mode

An Arabic/Hebrew window supports two text modes and their corresponding manipulation:

Implicit
Visual

In the implicit text mode, characters are stored in same order that they are entered. The text is transformed into its visual form only when it is displayed. In the visual text mode, characters are stored in the same way that they are displayed on the window.

Character Shaping

The Arabic/Hebrew window represents Arabic and Hebrew texts differently, according to its context. Text is represented in one of the following forms:

Automatic
Isolated
Initial
Middle
Final

Arabic/Hebrew can also be shaped according to the passthru mode. For more information on character shaping, see "Character Shaping" in AIX 5L Version 5.1 General Programming Concepts: Writing and Debugging Programs.

Numeric Representation

Numerics can be represented in Arabic numerals, Hindi numerals, or in passthru mode. In implicit text mode, numerals can also be represented according to their contextual form. Thus, Arabic numbers can be displayed in English text or Hindi numbers can be displayed in Arabic text.

Status Line

The Arabic/Hebrew window can display an optional status line that shows the current status of the window. The status line contains the following values:

Value	Current Setting
E	English language
N	National language
SCR->	Left-to-right screen orientation
<-SCR	Right-to-left screen orientation
alef	Auto shape mode
blank	Passthru shaping mode
ghain	Displayed in the currently used shaping mode
I	Implicit text mode
V	Visual text mode
U	Context numbers
A	Arabic numbers
H	Hindi numbers
P	Passthru for numbers

Note: Use the implicit text mode (the default text mode) for more efficient data sorting.

Use the following key combinations in an Arabic/Hebrew window to change certain settings.

Key Combination	Purpose
Alt + Enter	Reverses screen direction.
Alt + Right Shift	Enables Arabic/Hebrew keyboard layer.
Alt + Left Shift	Enables English keyboard layer.

For Implicit Mode only:

Alt + Kpd*

Adjusts the column heading.

For Visual Mode only:

Alt + Kpd 1	Shapes characters in their initial form.
Alt + Kpd 2	Shapes characters in their isolated form.
Alt + Kpd 3	Shapes characters in their passthru form.
Alt + Kpd 4	Shapes characters automatically (Valid also for Implicit).
Alt + Kpd 7	Shapes characters in their middle form.
Alt + Kpd 8	Shapes characters in their final form.
Shift + Kpd /	Toggles the Push Mode (Push/End Push).
Alt + Kpd /	Toggles the Autopush function.

For more information on the Autopush function, the Push/End Push function, or other Arabic/Hebrew functions, see the telnet,tn or tn3270 command.

Using the aixterm Command Data-Stream Support

The following is a list of the escape sequences supported by the aixterm command.

Some escape sequences activate and deactivate an alternate screen buffer that is the same size as the display area of the window. This capability allows the contents of the screen to be saved and restored. When the alternate screen is activated, the current screen is saved and replaced with the alternate screen. Saving lines scrolled off of the window is disabled until the original screen is restored.

The following table uses these abbreviations in the right hand column:

Xv: Supported by the aixterm command running in VT100 mode.
Xh: Supported by the aixterm command running in HFT mode.
H: Found in the HFT data stream.
V: Found in the VT100 data stream.

Name	Function	Data Stream	Support
	SINGLE-BYTE CONTROLS
BEL	Bell	0x07	Xv, Xh, H, V
BS	Backspace	0x08	Xv, Xh, H, V
HT	Horizontal tab	0x09	Xv, Xh, H, V
LF	Linefeed	0x0A	Xv, Xh, H, V
VT	Vertical tab	0x0B	Xv, Xh, H, V
FF	Form feed	0x0C	Xv, Xh, H, V
CR	Carriage return	0x0D	Xv, Xh, H, V
SO	Shift out	0x0E	Xv, Xh, H, V
SI	Shift in	0x0F	Xv, Xh, H, V
DC1	Device control 1	0x11	H, V
DC3	Device control 3	0x13	H, V
CAN	Cancel	0x18	H, V
SUB	Substitute (also cancels)	0x1A	H, V
ESC	Escape	0x1B	Xv, Xh, H, V
SS4	Single Shift 4	0x1C	H
SS3	Single Shift 3	0x1D	H
SS2	Single Shift 2	0x1E	H
SS1	Single Shift 1	0x1F	H
cbt	cursor back tab	ESC [ Pn Z	Xv, Xh, H
cha	cursor horizontal absolute	ESC [ Pn G	Xv, Xh, H
cht	cursor horizontal tab	ESC [ Pn I	H
ctc	cursor tab stop control	ESC [ Pn W	H
cnl	cursor next line	ESC [ Pn E	H
cpl	cursor preceding line	ESC [ Pn F	Xv, Xh, H
cpr	cursor position report	ESC [ Pl; Pc R	Xv, Xh, H, V
cub	cursor backward	ESC [ Pn D	Xv, Xh, H, V
cud	cursor down	ESC [ Pn B	Xv, Xh, H, V
cuf	cursor forward	ESC [ Pn C	Xv, Xh, H, V
cup	cursor position	ESC [ Pl; Pc H	Xv, Xh, H, V
cuu	cursor up	ESC [ Pn A	Xv, Xh, H, V
cvt	cursor vertical tab	ESC [ Pn Y	H
da1	DEVICE ATTRIBUTES
	request (host to vt100)	ESC [ c	Xv, Xh, V
	request (host to vt100)	ESC [ 0 c	Xv, Xh, V
	response (vt100 to host)	ESC [ ? 1 ; 2 c	Xv, Xh, V
dch	delete character	ESC [ Pn P	Xv, Xh, H
decaln	screen alignment display	ESC # 8	Xv, Xh, V
deckpam	keypad application mode	ESC =	Xv, V
deckpnm	keypad numeric mode	ESC >	Xv, V
decrc	restore cursor & attributes	ESC 8	Xv, Xh, V
decsc	save cursor & attributes	ESC 7	Xv, Xh, V
decstbm	set top & bottom margins	ESC [ Pt; Pb r	Xv, Xh, V
dl	delete line	ESC [ Pn M	Xv, Xh, H
dsr	device status report	ESC [ Ps n
	0 response from vt100: ready		Xv, Xh, V
	5 command from host: please report status		Xv, Xh, V
	6 command from host: report active position		Xv, Xh, H, V
	13 error report sent from virtual terminal to host		H
dmi	disable manual input	ESC ` (back quote)	H
emi	enable manual input	ESC b	H
ea	erase area	ESC [ Ps O
	0 erase to end of area		Xv, Xh, H
	1 erase from area start		Xv, Xh, H
	2 erase all of area		Xv, Xh, H
ed	erase display	ESC [ Ps J
	0 erase to end of display		Xv, Xh, H, V
	1 erase from display star		Xv, Xh, H, V
	2 erase all of display		Xv, Xh, H, V
ef	erase field-e,s,all	ESC [ Ps N
	0 erase to end of field		Xv, Xh, H
	1 erase from field start		Xv, Xh, H
	2 erase all of field		Xv, Xh, H
el	erase line	ESC [ Ps K
	0 erase to end of line		Xv, Xh, H, V
	1 erase from start of line		Xv, Xh, H, V
	2 erase all of line		Xv, Xh, H, V
ech	erase character	ESC [ Pn X	Xv, Xh, H
hts	horizontal tab stop	ESC H	Xv, Xh, H, V
hvp	horizontal and vertical position	ESC [ Pl; Pc f	Xv, Xh, H, V
ich	insert character	ESC [ Pn @	Xv, Xh, H
il	insert line	ESC [ Pn L	Xv, Xh, H
ind	index	ESC D	Xv, Xh, H, V
ls2	lock shift G2	ESC n	Xv
ls3	lock shift G3	ESC o	Xv
nel	next line	ESC E	Xv, Xh, H, V
ksi	keyboard status information	ESC [ Ps p	H
pfk	PF key report	ESC [ Pn q	Xh, H
rcp	restore cursor position	ESC [ u	Xv, Xh, H
ri	reverse index	ESC M	Xv, Xh, H, V
ris	reset to initial state	ESC c	Xv, Xh, H, V
rm	reset mode, ANSI specified modes: See "set mode" following in this column.	ESC [ Ps;...;Ps
	reset mode, other private modes and XTERM private modes: See "set mode" following in this column.	ESC [ ? Ps;...;Ps l
	restore mode, other private modes and XTERM private modes: See "set mode" following in this column.	ESC [ ? P;...;Ps r
	save mode, other private modes and XTERM private modes: See "set mode" following in this column.	ESC [ ? Ps;...;Ps s
sapv	select alternate presentation variant	ESC [Ps1;...Psn]	Xh
	0 set default values for BIDI
	1 set Arabic numeric shapes
	2 set Hindi numeric shapes
	3 set symmetric swapping mode for directional characters
	5 the following graphic character is presented in its isolated form (Arabic only)
	6 the following graphic character is presented in its initial form (Arabic only)
	7 the following graphic character is presented in its middle form (Arabic only)
	8 the following graphic character is presented in its final form (Arabic only)
	13 set Special shaping mode
	14 set standard shaping mode
	15 reset symmetric mode
	18 Passthru (everything)
	19 Passthru (everything except numbers)
	20 Contextual numbers (device dependent)
	21 lock 5, 6, 7, 8
	22 unlock
	23 set the nonull mode
	24 reset the nonull mode
	Values 5-8 effect only the following character unless used with values 21 or 22.
scp	save cursor position	ESC [ s	Xv, Xh, H
scs	select character set
	United Kingdom Set	ESC ( A (GO)	Xv, V
		ESC ) A (G1)	Xv, V
		ESC * A (G2)	Xv, V
		ESC + A (G3)	Xv, V
	ASCII Set (USASCII)	ESC ( B (G0)	Xv, V
		ESC ) B (G1)	Xv, V
		ESC * B (G2)	Xv, V
		ESC + B (G3)	Xv, V
	special graphics	ESC ( 0 (G0)	Xv, V
		ESC ) 0 (G1)	Xv, V
		ESC * 0 (G2)	Xv, V
		ESC + 0 (G3)	Xv, V
sd	scroll down	ESC [ Pn T	H
sl	scroll left	ESC [ Pn Sp @	H
spd	select screen direction	ESC [Ps1;1 S	Xh
	0 turn screen to left-to-right, set to Latin keyboard
	1 turn screen direction to right-to-left set to National keyboard
sr	scroll right	ESC [ Pn Sp A	H
srs	select reversed string	ESC [Ps[	Xh
	0 end push
	1 start push
ss2	single shift G2	ESC N	Xv
ss3	single shift G3	ESC O	Xv
su	scroll up	ESC [ Pn S	Xv, Xh, H
sgr	set graphic rendition	ESC [ Ps m
	0 normal		Xv, Xh, H, V
	1 bold		Xv, Xh, H, V
	4 underscore		Xv, Xh, H, V
	5 blink (appears as bold)		Xv, Xh, H, V
	7 reverse		Xv, Xh, H, V
	8 invisible		Xh, H
	10..17 fonts		Xh, H
	30..37 foreground colors		Xh, H
	40..47 background colors		Xh, H
	90..97 foreground colors		Xh, H
	100..107 background colors		Xh, H
sg0a	set GO character set	ESC ( <	Xh, H
sg1a	set G1 character set	ESC ) <	Xh, H
sm	set mode
	ANSI specified modes	ESC [ Ps;...;Ps h
	4 IRM insert mode		Xv, Xh, H
	12 SRM send/rec mode		H
	18 TSM tab stop mode		H
	20 LNM linefeed/newline		Xv, Xh, H, V
	Other private modes	ESC [ ? Ps;...;Ps h
	1 normal/application cursor		Xv, V
	3 80/132 columns		Xv, Xh, V
	4 smooth/jump scroll		Xv, Xh, V
	5 reverse/normal video		Xv, Xh, V
	6 origin/normal		Xv, Xh, V
	7 on/off autowrap		Xv, Xh, H, V
	8 on/off autorept		Xv, Xh, V
	21 CNM CR-NL		H
	XTERM private modes
	40 132/80 column mode		Xv, Xh
	41 curses(5) fix		Xv, Xh
	42 hide/show scroll bar		Xv, Xh
	43 on/off save scroll text		Xv, Xh
	44 on/off margin bell		Xv, Xh
	45 on/off reverse wraparound		Xv, Xh
	47 alternate/normal screen buffer		Xv, Xh
	48 reverse/normal status line		Xv, Xh
	49 page/normal scroll mode		Xv, Xh
tbc	tabulation clear	ESC [ Ps g (default Ps =0)
	0 clear horizontal tab stop at active position		Xv, Xh, H, V
	1 vertical tab at line indicated by cursor		H
	2 horizontal tabs on line		H
	3 all horizontal tabs		Xv, Xh, H, V
	4 all vertical tabs		H
VTD	virtual terminal data	ESC [ x	Xv, Xh, H
VTL	virtual terminal locator report	ESC [ y	Xh, H
VTR	vt raw keyboard input	ESC [ w	Xh, H
vts	vertical tab stop	ESC I	H
xes	erase status line	ESC [ ? E	Xv, Xh
xrs	return from status line	ESC [ ? F	Xv, Xh
xhs	hide status line	ESC [ ? H	Xv, Xh
xss	show status line	ESC [ ? S	Xv, Xh
xgs	go to column of status line	ESC [ ? Ps T	Xv, Xh
xst	set text parameters	ESC ] Ps ; Pt \007	Xv, Xh
	0 change window name and title to Pt		Xv, Xh
	1 sets only the icon name		Xv, Xh
	2 sets only the title name		Xv, Xh
	Everything between ESC-P and ESC\ is ignored. aixterm will work as usual after the ESC\.	ESC-P...ESC\	Xv, Xh

Copy, Paste, and Re-execute Functions

When you create a terminal window, the aixterm command allows you to select text and copy it within the same window or other windows by using copy, paste, and re-execute button functions. These text functions are available in HFT and VT102 emulations. The selected text is highlighted while the button is pressed.

The copy, paste, and re-execute button functions perform as follows:

Copy

The left button is used to save text into the cut buffer. The aixterm command does a text cut, not a box cut. Move the cursor to beginning of the text, hold the button down while moving the cursor to the end of the region, and release the button. The selected text is highlighted and saved in the global cut buffer and made the PRIMARY selection when the button is released.

Double clicking selects by words.
Triple clicking selects by lines.
Quadruple clicking goes back to characters, and so on.

Multiple clicking is determined from the time the button is released to the time the button is pressed again, so you can change the selection unit in the middle of a selection.

The right button extends the current selection. If you press this button while moving closer to the right edge of the selection than the left, it extends or contracts the right edge of the selection. If you contract the selection past the left edge of the selection, the aixterm command assumes you really meant the left edge, restores the original selection, and extends or contracts the left edge of the selection. Extension starts in the selection unit mode that the last selection or extension was performed in; you can multiple click to cycle through them.

Paste

Pressing both buttons at once (or the middle button on a three-button mouse) displays (pastes) the text from the PRIMARY selection or from the cut buffer into the terminal window that contains the mouse cursor, inserting it as keyboard input.

Re-execute

Pressing the Shift key and the left mouse button takes the text from the cursor (at button release) through the end of the line (including the new line), saves it in the global cut buffer and immediately retypes the line, inserting it as keyboard input. The selected text is highlighted. Moving the mouse cursor off of the initial line cancels the selection. If there is no text beyond the initial cursor point, the aixterm command sounds the bell, indicating an error.

By cutting and pasting pieces of text without trailing new lines, you can take text from several places in different windows and form a command to the shell. For example, you can take output from a program and insert it into your favorite editor. Since the cut buffer is globally shared among different applications, you should regard it as a file whose contents you know. The terminal emulator and other text programs should treat it as if it were a text file, that is, the text is delimited by new lines.

Menu Usage

The aixterm command has two different menus:

Options
Modes

Each menu pops up under the correct combinations of key and button presses. Most menus are divided into two sections that are separated by a horizontal line. The top portion contains various modes that can be altered. A check mark is displayed next to a mode that is currently active. Selecting one of these modes toggles its state. The bottom portion of the menu provides the command entries; selecting one of these performs the indicated function.

The Options menu pops up when the Ctrl key and the left mouse button are pressed simultaneously while the mouse cursor is in a window. The menu contains items that apply to all emulation modes.

The Modes menu sets various modes for each emulation mode. The menu is activated by pressing the Ctrl key and the middle mouse button at the same time, while the mouse cursor is in the window. In the command section of this menu, the soft reset entry resets the scroll regions. This is convenient when a program leaves the scroll regions set incorrectly. The full reset entry clears the screen, resets tabs to every eight columns, and resets the terminal modes (such as wrap and smooth scroll) to their initial states after the aixterm command finishes processing the command-line options. When the Auto Linefeed option is turned on, a carriage return is added when a carriage return, vertical tab, or form feed is received. The shells generally do this for the linefeed, but not for the vertical tab or form feed.

Scroll Bar

The aixterm command supports an optional scroll bar composed of a scroll button that displays at the top of the scroll bar and a scroll region that displays at the bottom. The scroll bar is hidden until you request it to display.

The scroll region displays the position and amount of text currently showing in the window (highlighted) relative to the amount of text actually saved in the scrolling buffer. As more text is saved in the scrolling buffer (up to the maximum), the size of the highlighted area decreases.

The scroll button causes the window to scroll up and down within the saved text. Clicking the right button moves the window position up (the text scrolls downward); clicking the left button moves the window position down (the text scrolls upward). The amount of scrolling is modified by the Shift and Ctrl keys. If neither key is pressed, the window scrolls a single line at a time. Pressing the Shift key causes the text to scroll a full window at a time, minus one line. Pressing the Ctrl key causes the text to be positioned at the extreme top or bottom of the file.

Character Classes

Clicking the left mouse button (the copy function) twice in rapid succession causes all characters of the same class (that is, letters, white space, punctuation, and so on) to be selected. Because people have different preferences for what should be selected (for example, if file names be selected as a whole or only the separate subnames), you can override the default mapping by using the charClass (class CharClass) resource.

The charClass resource is a list of CharRange:Value pairs where the range is either a single number or a low-to-high number in the range of 0 to 127, corresponding to the ASCII code for the character or characters to be set. The value is arbitrary, although the default table uses the character number of the first character occurring in the set.

The default table is as follows:

static int charClass[128] = {

/* NUL  SOH  STX  ETX  EOT  ENQ  ACK  BEL */

   32,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,

/*  BS   HT   NL   VT   NP   CR   SO   SI */

    1,  32,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,

/* DLE  DC1  DC2  DC3  DC4  NAK  SYN  ETB */

    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,

/* CAN   EM  SUB  ESC   FS   GS   RS   US */

    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,

/*  SP   !    "    #    $    %    &    ' */

   32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39,

/*  (    )    *    +    ,    -    .    / */

   40,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,

/*  0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7 */

   48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,

/*  8    9    :    ;    <    =    >    ? */

   48,  48,  58,  59,  60,  61,  62,  63,

/*  @    A    B    C    D    E    F    G */

   64,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,

/*  H    I    J    K    L    M    N    O */

   48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,

/*  P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    W */

   48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,

/*  X    Y    Z    [    \    ]    ^    _ */

   48,  48,  48,  91,  92,  93,  94,  48,

/*  `    a    b    c    d    e    f    g */

   96,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,

/*  h    i    j    k    l    m    n    o */

   48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,

/*  p    q    r    s    t    u    v    w */

   48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,

/*  x    y    z    {    |    }    ~   DEL */

   48,  48,  48, 123, 124, 125, 126,   1};

For example, the string "33:48,37:48,45-47:48,64:48" indicates that the ! (exclamation mark), % (percent sign), - (dash), . (period), / (slash), and & (ampersand) characters should be treated the same way as characters and numbers. This is very useful for cutting and pasting electronic mailing addresses and UNIX file names.

Key Translations

It is possible to rebind keys (or sequences of keys) to arbitrary strings for input. Changing the translations for events other than key and button events is not expected, and causes unpredictable behavior.

The actions available for key translations are as follows:

insert()	Processes the key in the normal way (that is, inserts the ASCII character code corresponding to the keysym found in the keyboard mapping table into the input stream).
string(String)	Rebinds the key or key sequence to the string value; that is, inserts the string argument into the input stream. Quotation marks are necessary if the string contains white space or non-alphanumeric characters. If the string argument begins with the characters ``0x,'' it is interpreted as a hex character constant and the corresponding character is sent in the normal way.
keymap(Name)	Takes a single string argument naming a resource to be used to dynamically define a new translation table; the name of the resource is obtained by appending the string Keymap to Name. The keymap name None restores the original translation table (the very first one; a stack is not maintained). Uppercase and lowercase is significant.
insert-selection(Name[,Name]...)
	Retrieves the value of the first (leftmost) named selection that exists and inserts the value into the input stream. The Name parameter is the name of any selection, for example, PRIMARY or SECONDARY. Uppercase and lowercase is significant.

For example, a debugging session might benefit from the following bindings:

*aixterm.Translations: #override <Key>F13: keymap(dbx)
*aixterm.dbxKeymap.translations:\
<Key>F14: keymap(None) \n\
<Key>F17: string("next") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F18: string("step") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F19: string("continue") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F20: string("print") insert-selection(PRIMARY)

Key and Button Bindings

The key and button bindings for selecting text, pasting text, and activating the menus are controlled by the translation bindings. In addition to the actions listed in the Key Translations section, the following actions are available:

mode-menu()	Posts one of the two mode menus, depending on which button is pressed.
select-start()	Deselects any previously selected text and begins selecting new text.
select-extend()	Continues selecting text from the previous starting position.
start-extend()	Begins extending the selection from the farthest (left or right) edge.
select-end(Name[,Name]...)
	Ends the text selection. The Name parameter is the name of a selection into which the text is to be copied. The aixterm command asserts ownership of all the selections named. Uppercase and lowercase is significant.
ignore()	Quietly discards the key or button event.
bell([Volume])	Rings the bell at the specified volume increment above or below the base volume.

The default bindings are:

static char defaultTranslations =
"                    <KeyPress>:  insert() \n\ 
~Shift Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn1Down>:   mode-menu(options) \n\ 
~Shift Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn2Down>:   mode-menu() \n\ 
~Shift Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn3Down>:   mode-menu(modes) \n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl  ~Meta  <Btn1Down>:   select-start() \n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl  ~Meta  <Btn1Motion>: select-extend() \n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl  ~Meta  <Btn1Up>:     select-end(PRIMARY)\n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl  ~Meta  <Btn2Down>:   ignore() \n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl  ~Meta  <Btn2Up>:     insert-selection(PRIMARY)\n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl  ~Meta  <Btn3Down>:   start-extend() \n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl  ~Meta  <Btn3Motion>: select-extend() \n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl  ~Meta  <Btn3Up>:     select-end(PRIMARY)\n\ 
Shift ~Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn1Down>:   reexecute() \n\ 
Shift ~Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn1Motion>: select-extend() \n\ 
Shift ~Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn1Up>:     select-end(PRIMARY)\n\ 
Shift ~Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn2Down>:   select-start() \n\ 
Shift ~Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn2Motion>: select-extend() \n\ 
Shift ~Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn2Up>:     select-end(PRIMARY)\n\ 
Shift ~Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn3Down>:   ignore() \n\ 
Shift ~Ctrl   ~Meta  <Btn3Up>:     insert-selection(PRIMARY)\n\ 
Shift Ctrl    ~Meta  <BtnDown>:    size(toggle) \n\ 
Shift Ctrl    ~Meta  <BtnUp>:      ignore() \n\ 
                     <BtnDown>:    bell(0) \n\ 
                     <BtnUp>:      bell(0) \n\ 
";

aixterm Command Internationalization (I18N)

To run an aixterm with a different keyboard layout than the X server's (such as a French keyboard layout on a Swiss German X server), run the following commands:

Change the X server to a French keyboard:

xmodmap /usr/lpp/X11/defaults/xmodmap/Fr_FR/keyboard

Set the locale environment variable to Fr_FR using one of the following:
- For Korn shells: export LANG=Fr_FR
- For C shells: setenv LANG Fr_FR
- For Bourne shells:LANG=Fr_FR; export LANG
Start an aixterm terminal emulator:
```
aixterm &
```
Reset the X server's keyboard file to its original language:
```
xmodmap /usr/lpp/X11/defaults/xmodmap/Gr_SW/keyboard
```

The aixterm command continues to use the keyboard layout that the X server was using when the aixterm started. It ignores KeymapNotify by default.

The aixterm command uses the Input Method to convert the X server's keysyms into either printable characters or nonprintable escape strings such as function keys. The Input Method uses its own keymap files, in /usr/lib/nls/loc, to convert X keysyms into code points for the printable characters, and escape strings for nonprintable characters. There is a keymap file for each language and one keymap file for escape sequences. The escape sequences are in C@outbound.imkeymap; the source is C@outbound.imkeymap.src. The other keymap files begin with the locale name and look like: locale.imkeymap and locale.codeset.imkeymap. For example:

US English in codeset IBM-850	En_US.IBM-850.imkeymap
US English in codeset ISO8859-1	en_US.ISO8859-1.imkeymap
Turkish in codeset ISO8859-9	tr_TR.ISO8859-9.imkeymap
Japanese in codeset IBM-932	Ja_JP.IBM-932.imkeymap
Japanese in codeset IBM-943	Ja_JP.IBM-943.imkeymap
Japanese in codeset EUC(JP)	ja_JP.IBM-eucJP.imkeymap

The following dependencies apply:

You can change the locale by entering the following SMIT fast path: smit mle_sel_menu, or by using the Web-based System Manager wsm system fast path and selecting the Cultural Environment icon. You can also change the locale temporarily by modifying the LANG environment variable.
You can change the system keyboard definition by selecting the following SMIT menu items: System Environments, Manage Language Environment, and Change the Keyboard Map for the Next System Restart, or by using the Web-based System Manager wsm system fast path and selecting the Cultural Environment icon.
Codeset depends on the locale (LC_ALL, LANG environment variables).
Default fonts and font sets depend on the codeset and locale. Using a font that does not match the codeset may produce incorrect output.
Input Method depends on the locale. The Input Method for the locale should be installed. The Input Method maps Keysyms to a codeset.
Compose keys (dead keys) depend on the Input Method and X keyboard mapping. An incorrect input method or X keyboard mapping may produce incorrect input.
Error messages and menu contents depend on the locale and a correct font or fontset. The message catalogs for the locale should be installed. The default messages are English. An incorrect font or fontset can result in garbled menu text and messages.
Text display depends on the locale and a correct font or fontset. An incorrect font or fontset can result in garbled text. Changing the locale (LC_ALL, LANG environment variables) in an aixterm does not change the codeset that the aixterm displays. If the codeset of the new locale differs from the codeset of aixterm, incorrect output (garbled text) may be displayed.
The X keyboard mapping depends on the system keyboard definition. Xinit sets the X keyboard mapping to match the system keyboard definition. The mapping is changed with xmodmap. The X keyboard mapping maps key presses to Keysyms.

Availability of Characters in aixterm

ASCII characters 32 (0x20) to 126 (0x7e) are available in most of the codesets and fonts. Characters (bytes) 0 (0x00) to 31 (0x1f) are treated as control sequences and unprintable characters. Other characters 127 (0x7f) to 255 (0xff) vary with codeset and fonts. Using a font that does not match the codeset the aixterm is started in leads to unpredictable results. For example, box characters (line drawing) are available in aixterm vt100 mode with the default vtsingle font. If you use a different font, other characters may be displayed instead. Another example is using a ISO8859-1 font while running in the IBM-850 codeset. Trying to display box characters (line drawing) generates accented characters. Trying to display accented characters generates different accented characters or blanks.

Box, Line Drawing and Special Graphics Characters in aixterm

Older versions of aixterm operate in codeset IBM-850 (pc850). This codeset uses box characters for drawing boxes around things for SMIT. The new codesets do not have these box characters. New escape sequences were added to the terminfo entry to support drawing these characters no matter what codeset is being used. The older versions of aixterm do not support these new escape sequences. When using an older aixterm to access a newer aixterm (such as a 3.1 aixterm and telnet to access 3.2 on another system), set the TERM environment variable to aixterm-old (or aixterm-m-old). These terminfo entries assume the IBM-850 codeset.

Key Assignments for Bidirectional Languages

In addition to the above key and button bindings, the following key assignments for bidirectional languages are supported by the aixterm command:

scr-rev()	Reverses the screen orientation and sets the keyboard layer to the default language of the new orientation.
ltr-lang()	Enables the English keyboard layer.
rtl-lang()	Enables the Arabic/Hebrew keyboard layer.
col-mod()	Enables the column heading adjustment which handles each word as a separate column.
auto-push()	Toggles the Autopush function. This function handles mixed left-to-right and right-to-left text. When you enable the Autopush function, reversed segments are automatically initiated and terminated according to the entered character or the selected language layer. Thus, you are relieved of manually invoking the Push function.
chg-push()	Toggles the Push mode. This mode causes the cursor to remain in its position and pushes the typed characters in the direction opposed to the field direction.
shp-in()	Shapes Arabic characters in their initial forms.
shp-is()	Shapes Arabic characters in their isolated forms.
shp-p()	Shapes Arabic characters in their passthru forms.
shp-asd()	Shapes Arabic characters in their automatic forms.
shp-m()	Shapes Arabic characters in their middle forms.
shp-f()	Shapes Arabic characters in their final forms.

The BIDI bindings (for Arabic/Hebrew) are:

~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>Return:         scr-rev() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod2   <Key>Return:         scr-rev() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>Shift_L: ltr-lang() \n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod2   <Key>Shift_L: ltr-lang() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>Shift_R: rtl-lang() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod2   <Key>Shift_R: rtl-lang() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>KP_Multiply:    col-mod() \n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod2   <Key>KP_Multiply:    col-mod() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>KP_Divide:      auto-push() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod2   <Key>KP_Divide:      auto-push() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl ~Meta  <Key>KP_Divide:      chg-push() \n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>KP_1:           shp-in() \n\ 
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod2   <Key>KP_2:           shp-in() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>KP_1:           shp-is() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>KP_2:           shp-is() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>KP_3:           shp-p() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod2   <Key>KP_3:           shp-p() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>KP_4:           shp-asd() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod2   <Key>KP_4:           shp-asd() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>KP_7:           shp-m() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod2   <Key>KP_7:           shp-m() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod1   <Key>KP_8:           shp-f() \n\
~Shift ~Ctrl Mod2   <Key>KP_8:           shp-f() \n\

You can change these values in the .Xdefaults file. For example, if you want to use Ctrl+Shift to change language layer, you can add the following line in the .Xdefaults file:

Translations:   Ctrl<Key>Shift_R: rtl-lang() \n\
                Ctrl<Key>Shift_L: ltr-lang()

Flags

A flag takes on the opposite value if the - (minus sign) is changed to a + (plus sign). The following options override those set in the .Xdefaults file:

-ah	Highlights the cursor at all times.
-ar	Turns on the autoraise mode of aixterm, which automatically raises the window (after a delay determined by the .Xdefaults keyword autoRaiseDelay) when the mouse cursor enters the window. The default is off. This flag can be turned on and off from the Options menu.
- autopush	Enables the Autopush function for the visual text type.
-b NumberPixels	Specifies the width in pixels of an inner border. The inner border is the distance between the outer edge of the characters and the window border. The default is 2.
-bd Color	Specifies the color of the highlighted border on color displays. The default is black.
-bg Color	Specifies the color of the window background on color displays. The default is white.
-bw NumberPixels	Specifies the width of the window border in pixels. The default is 2 pixels. Some window managers can override this option.
-C	Intercepts console messages.
-ccCharRange:Value,...	Changes the types of characters that are part of a word. For example, the string `-cc 48-52:3` would make the characters `01234` one word and `56789` a different word. The `:3` defines a word group number 3. By default, numbers are in class 48. The character classes are used by cut and paste.
-cr Color	Determines the color of the text cursor on color displays. The default is the foreground color.
-csd CharShape	Specifies the default shape of Arabic text. The CharShape variable can be one of the following options: automatic Shapes the characters automatically. passthru Does not shape the characters. The characters are displayed in the same way that they are entered. isolated Displays the characters in their isolated form (valid in visual mode only). initial Displays the characters in their initial form (valid in visual mode only). middle Displays the characters in their middle form (valid in visual mode only). final Displays the characters in their final form (valid in visual mode only).
-cu	Causes certain curses applications to display leading tabs correctly. The default is off. This flag can be turned on and off from the Modes menu.
-display Name:Number	Identifies the host name and X Server display number where the aixterm command is to run. By default, aixterm gets the host name and display number from the DISPLAY environment variable.
-dw	Causes the mouse cursor to move (warp) automatically to the center of the aixterm window when the aixterm icon window is deiconified. The default is off.
-e Command	Specifies a command to be executed in the window. This flag runs the command; it does not start a shell. If this flag is used, the command and its arguments (if any) must be displayed last on the aixterm command line. When the command exits, the aixterm command exits.
-f0 Font	Specifies the name of the default font on the command line. Also specifies the name of the font placed in position 0 in the font table. This flag is similar to the -fn flag. For example, to specify a default font on the command line, enter the following: aixterm -f0 rom11 -tn aixterm-old
-f1 Font	Specifies the name of the font placed in position 1 in the font table. This flag is similar to the -fb flag.
-f2 Font	Specifies the name of the font placed in position 2 of the font table. This flag is similar to the -fi flag.
-f3 Font	Specifies the name of the font placed in position 3 of the font table.
-f4 Font	Specifies the name of the font placed in position 4 of the font table.
-f5 Font	Specifies the name of the font placed in position 5 of the font table.
-f6 Font	Specifies the name of the font placed in position 6 of the font table.
-f7 Font	Specifies the name of the font for position 7 in the font table.
--f0 FontSet	Specifies the name of the font set for position 0 in the font table. This flag is similar to the -fn flag.
--f1 FontSet	Specifies the name of the font set for position 1 in the font table. This flag is similar to the -fb flag.
--f2 FontSet	Specifies the name of the font set for position 2 in the font table. This flag is similar to the -fi flag.
--f3 FontSet	Specifies the name of the font set for position 3 in the font table.
--f4 FontSet	Specifies the name of the font set for position 4 in the font table.
--f5 FontSet	Specifies the name of the font set for position 5 in the font table.
--f6 FontSet	Specifies the name of the font set for position 6 in the font table.
--f7 FontSet	Specifies the name of the font set for position 7 in the font table.
-fb Font	Specifies the name of the bold font. This font must be the same height and width as the normal font.
-fi FontSet	Specifies the name of the italic font set.
-fg Color	Determines the foreground color of the text on color displays. The default is black.
-fn Font	Specifies the name of a normal full-text font set. Any fixed-width font set can be used. In HFT emulation, the default is Rom14.500 for a large display or Rom10.500 for a small display. In VT102 emulation, the default is vtsingle. To specify a font set in the resource file, use aixterm.Fontset FontSet.
-fs Font	Specifies the name of the special graphics font.
-fullcursor	Uses a full block cursor instead of the default underscore cursor.
-geometry Geometry	Specifies the location and dimensions of a window. The default is 80x25+0+0. Some window managers (such as the mwm command) can override these defaults.
#geometryGeometry	Specifies the location of an icon window. If specified, width and height are ignored. Width and height are taken from the size of the bitmap and the length of the title. The window manager can override the location of the icon. Note: When you use one of these values as part of an sh (shell) command, enclose the value in "" (double quotation marks). Normally, #(the pound sign) indicates a comment in a shell script.
-help	Lists the available option flags.
-i	Displays the icon window rather than the normal window when the window is opened. The default is false. Note: This flag does not work unless the window manager has started.
-ib File	Specifies name of the bitmap file to read for use as the icon bitmap file instead of the default bitmap file. You can access a /usr/include/X11/bitmaps file from an operating system shell to see a sample bitmap file.
-im InputMethod	Specifies a modifier string that identifies the input method to be used by the aixterm command.
-j	Causes the aixterm command to move multiple lines up at once (jump scroll) if many lines are queued for display. The default is false. This flag can be turned on and off from the Modes menu.
-keywords	Lists the .Xdefaults keywords.
-lang Language	Specifies the language to be used under the aixterm command. The language should follow the format for the locale, as used by the setlocale function.
-l	Causes the aixterm command to append output from the window to the end of the logfile file. The default is false. This flag can be turned on and off from the Options menu. This does not override LogInhibit in the .Xdefaults file.
-leftscroll	Places the scroll bar on the left when it is displayed. The default is on the right side of the text window.
-lf File	Specifies the file where the output is saved, instead of the default AixtermLog.XXXXXX file, where XXXXXX is the process ID of the aixterm command. The file is created in the directory where the aixterm command is started, or in the home directory for a login aixterm command. If the file name begins with a \| (pipe symbol), the rest of the string is interpreted as a command to be executed by the shell, and a pipe is opened to the process. This flag must be used in conjunction with the -l flag to work effectively.
-ls	Causes the shell run under the aixterm command to be a login shell. The user's .login or .profile file is read, and the initial directory is usually the home directory. The default is false.
-mb	Turns on the right margin bell. The default is false. This flag can be turned on and off from the Modes menu.
-mc Number	Determines the multiple-click time. This is used by the cut and paste button functions.
-mn	Ignores the XMappingNotify event. The -mn flag is the default.
-ms Color	Determines the color of the mouse cursor on color displays. The default is the foreground color.
-n IconName	Specifies the icon name for use by the aixterm command.
-name Application	Specifies the application name to use for the .Xdefaults file.
-nb Number	Specifies the right margin distance at which the margin bell rings. The default is 10 spaces from the right edge of the window.
-nobidi	Disables the Arabic/Hebrew functions such as screen reverse, while maintaining an Arabic/Hebrew locale.
- nonulls	Enables a Nonulls mode in which nulls within a line are replaced by spaces.
-nss NumShape	Specifies the default shape of numerals. The NumShape variable can be one of the following options: bilingual Displays numerals according to the surrounding text. For example, Arabic numerals are displayed within Arabic text and English numerals within English text. hindi Displays numerals in Hindi. arabic Displays numerals in Arabic. passthru Displays numerals the same way they are entered.
- orient Orientation	Specifies the default screen orientation. The orientation can be one of the following options: LTR Left-to-right screen orientation RTL Right-to-left screen orientation
-outline Color	Determines the color of the outline attribute (Keisen) on color displays. The default is the foreground color. The outline attribute for a character is similar to other character attributes such as bold or reverse video. The outline attribute is displayed as a box drawn to enclose a character or group of characters.
-po Number	Specifies the number of lines from the previous screen that display on the screen when the window scrolls one page. The default is 1 line.
-ps	Turns on the page scroll mode. After a page of lines is displayed, the aixterm command stops displaying new lines and the text cursor is no longer displayed. Pressing the Enter key displays one new line. Pressing the Spacebar key or a character key displays a new page. The default is false.
-pt Preedit	Specifies the pre-edit type for text composing. The possible pre-edit types are: over Places the pre-edit window over the spot of character composition. off Places the pre-edit window off the spot of character composition in the status area. root Composes character outside of the current window tree. none Specifies that the input method has no pre-edit area.
-reduced	Causes the aixterm command to begin in reduced mode.
-rfb Font	Specifies the name of the reduced bold font. This font must be the same width and height as the reduced normal font.
-rfi Font	Specifies the name of the reduced italic font. This font must be the same width and height as the reduced normal font.
-rfn Font	Specifies the name of the reduced normal font.
-rfs Font	Specifies the name of the reduced special graphics font.
-rf0 Font	Specifies the name of the reduced font placed in position 0 in the font table. This flag is similar to the -rfn flag.